Complexometric Determination of Water Hardnesss Essay Example for Free

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardnesss Essay Introduction/Background: This lab was about determining water hardness. Water hardness is the amount of metal ions in the water. The most common found ion in the water is calcium ions and typically with a charge of +2. Water hardness plays a big significance in our daily life because to many metal ions in our drinking water can have adverse effects on our body. You can measure the water hardness by EDTA titrations. EDTA is a disodium salt that stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and it is a chelating agent. Chelation is the process of a ligand forms a complex with a metal ion. Eriochrome Black T is an indicator you add to the water sample that will turn the water pink if metal ions exist. Through the process of titration, carefully adding EDTA to the water sample with the Eriochrome Black T will cause a chemical reaction to occur, slowly changing the water color from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue which will be the end of the chemical reaction. Once the titration is complete you can calculate your water hardness. Above in the formula V represents the actual delivered volume of Na2EDTA solution and M is your actual molarity. Procedures: Start by preparing 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. This is what will be added to the buret. Next take a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and add 10.00mL of standardized calcium and 30mL of deionized water. Place a magnetic stir-bar in the flask and set on top of a piece of white paper on a magnetic stirrer. After place 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10) inside the flask and let it stir for thirty seconds. Lastly add four drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator to the solution which will turn it a pink color. Begin titration and watch as the color changes from pink to violet and then violet to a light blue color. Record the data when the color turns a light blue and repeat the process two more times. Fill the buret with the same 500mL of 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. Take 25.00mL of an unknown water sample and add it to a 250mL Erlenmeyer flask. Mix in 20mL of deionized water. Set a magnetic stir-bar inside the solution and place on the magnetic stirrer. Next add 3mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10). After thirty seconds of stirring add four drops of the Eriochrome Back T indicator and watch as the solution turns pink. Begin your titration by slowly adding small droplets of the 0.004 disodium EDTA solution. The color will slowly change to a violet color and then to a blue color which will be the stopping point. Record the data and repeat two more times. With the data collected calculates the hardness of each sample, then the average water hardness of all three samples, and lastly the precision of each trial. Compare your data to the expected range of a local cities water hardness. Results and Discussion: The first three titrations involved the known Calcium stock, titration 1 used 22.91ml of Na2EDTA solution before the titration complete. The second Titration used 21.91ml while the third and final used 21.55ml of solution. During the procedure a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask was used as well as a 50ml burette, the buret was filled with our Na2EDTA solution while the flask was filled with 30ml of DI water, 3ml of ammonia, and 4 drops of an indicator, in this case Eriochrome Black T. Experimental error was calculated by taking the sum of all absolute deviations/3 than divided by the mean concentration of Na2EDTA, in this case the mean concentration was .00452M, and lastly, multiplied by 1000 to get the answer in PPT. Table 1 below shows the readings of both solutions before and after titration. The mean concentration of these titrations is 0.00452, This figure was used to find the estimated precision which came out to 23.270% off of 100% meaning the experiment was 76.73% accurate. Finally the volume of the unknown was calculated to find the ppm for each titration and the mean of all three titrations was used to find the estimated precision of the unknown in ppm. The mean in ppm for the unknown came to 212ppm, this number was plugged into the equation for estimated precision which is the sum of all absolute value deviations/ number of trials, all of which is divide by the mean and multiplied by 1000ppt. The final figure came out to 25.2% off of 100% meaning that the experiment was 74.8% accurate. Conclusion: In conclusion the water hardness of a solution can be found by titrating a known solution containing metal ions and using a chelating agent such as EDTA to determine the impurities of each of the water samples. Also, using the data collected from each titration the concentration and mean can be found from each titration and used to determine the water hardness in ppm. The estimated precision of this experiment can be found by running multiple titrations on the same sample more than one time. The results obtained in this experiment include a mean concentration for the Calcium stock of .00452M, and an estimated precision of 76.73% and the average water hardness was 400.39ppm. The estimated precision for the unknown was 74.8% and an average water hardness of 204ppm. In this experiment 500ml of a known solution EDTA was prepared; a 10ml pipet was used to transfer a standard calcium ion stock solution into a 250ml Erlenmeyer flask. 30ml of DI water was added to the flask and the contents were than stirred using a magnetic stirrer and stirring rod. 3ml of Ammonia was added to the flask mixed for a few seconds underneath the fume hood and 4 drops of an indicator was added, in this case Eriochrome Black T. The contents of the flask were stirred for thirty seconds before titration began, as the titration progressed, the color changed from pink to violet and finally to a sky blue color indicating that the titration was complete. This process was completed with minor changes for the Unknown #141, 25ml of the unknown was placed in the flask and 20ml of Di water was used rather than 30ml, the rest of the titration however, used the same steps as above. Work Cited Klenck, Thomas. How It Works: Water Softener. Popular Mechanics 1 Aug. 1998: n. pag. Web. Our Lab instruction sheet

Bermuda Triangle :: Devils Triangle Paranormal

Bermuda Triangle, region of the western Atlantic Ocean that has become associated in the popular imagination with mysterious maritime disasters. Also known as the Devil's Triangle, the triangle-shaped area covers about 1,140,000 sq km (about 440,000 sq mi) between the island of Bermuda, the coast of southern Florida, and Puerto Rico. The sinister reputation of the Bermuda Triangle may be traceable to reports made in the late 15th century by navigator Christopher Columbus concerning the Sargasso Sea, in which floating masses of gulfweed were regarded as uncanny and perilous by early sailors, others date the notoriety of the area to the mid-19th century, when a number of reports were made of unexplained disappearances and mysteriously abandoned ships. The earliest recorded disappearance of a United States vessel in the area occurred in March 1918, when the USS Cyclops vanished. The incident that consolidated the reputation of the Bermuda Triangle was the disappearance in December 1945 of Flight 19, a training squadron of five U.S. Navy torpedo bombers. The squadron left Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with 14 crewmen and disappeared after radioing a series of distress messages, a seaplane sent in search of the squadron also disappeared. Aircraft that have disappeared in the area since this incident include a DC-3 carrying 27 passengers in 1948 and a C-124 Globemaster with 53 passengers in 1951. Among the ships that have disappeared was the tanker ship Marine Sulphur Queen, which vanished with 39 men aboard in 1963. Books, articles, and television broadcasts investigating the Bermuda Triangle emphasize that, in the case of most of the disappearances, the weather was favorable, the disappearances occurred in daylight after a sudden break in radio contact, and the vessels vanished without a trace. However, skeptics point out that many supposed mysteries result from careless or biased consideration of data. For example, some losses attributed to the Bermuda Triangle actually occurred outside the area of the triangle in inclement weather conditions or in darkness, and some can be traced to known mechanical problems or inadequate equipment. In the case of Flight 19, for example, the squadron commander was relatively inexperienced, a compass was faulty, the squadron failed to follow instructions, and the aircraft were operating under conditions of deteriorating weather and visibility and with a low fuel supply. Bermuda Triangle :: Devil's Triangle Paranormal Bermuda Triangle, region of the western Atlantic Ocean that has become associated in the popular imagination with mysterious maritime disasters. Also known as the Devil's Triangle, the triangle-shaped area covers about 1,140,000 sq km (about 440,000 sq mi) between the island of Bermuda, the coast of southern Florida, and Puerto Rico. The sinister reputation of the Bermuda Triangle may be traceable to reports made in the late 15th century by navigator Christopher Columbus concerning the Sargasso Sea, in which floating masses of gulfweed were regarded as uncanny and perilous by early sailors, others date the notoriety of the area to the mid-19th century, when a number of reports were made of unexplained disappearances and mysteriously abandoned ships. The earliest recorded disappearance of a United States vessel in the area occurred in March 1918, when the USS Cyclops vanished. The incident that consolidated the reputation of the Bermuda Triangle was the disappearance in December 1945 of Flight 19, a training squadron of five U.S. Navy torpedo bombers. The squadron left Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with 14 crewmen and disappeared after radioing a series of distress messages, a seaplane sent in search of the squadron also disappeared. Aircraft that have disappeared in the area since this incident include a DC-3 carrying 27 passengers in 1948 and a C-124 Globemaster with 53 passengers in 1951. Among the ships that have disappeared was the tanker ship Marine Sulphur Queen, which vanished with 39 men aboard in 1963. Books, articles, and television broadcasts investigating the Bermuda Triangle emphasize that, in the case of most of the disappearances, the weather was favorable, the disappearances occurred in daylight after a sudden break in radio contact, and the vessels vanished without a trace. However, skeptics point out that many supposed mysteries result from careless or biased consideration of data. For example, some losses attributed to the Bermuda Triangle actually occurred outside the area of the triangle in inclement weather conditions or in darkness, and some can be traced to known mechanical problems or inadequate equipment. In the case of Flight 19, for example, the squadron commander was relatively inexperienced, a compass was faulty, the squadron failed to follow instructions, and the aircraft were operating under conditions of deteriorating weather and visibility and with a low fuel supply.

No Class Pets!

Imagine that you are a soft and adorable Guiana pig that was born in a pet store from your captured parents. There, shoppers are banging on the cage window, trying to wake you up and see you running on your hamster wheel, and are screaming â€Å"Look! Cute piggy! † When you are purchased, you are transported to a tight, compact cage, believing thou will finally have some peace and quiet, but instead, every day you must endure even more despicable kindergà ¤rtners. Now, when you were busy imagining that you were that poor Guiana pig, you felt angry and mistreated, right?It s obvious that whether we should have classroom pets or not is a complex issue. While some may believe that class pets are beneficial In some ways, I feel that after researching both sides, It Is clear that there should not be any class pets. There are many disadvantages of having a classroom pet. They will waste too much money and demand a lot of attention. One disadvantage of having a class pet is that pet s aren't for free. In fact, they're very expensive! Guiana pigs may be small, but still have all the characteristics to be worthy of being called a â€Å"living thing.So if one died, its death cannot be called â€Å"smaller† than a human death. Humans cannot underestimate animals because of size. Therefore, they must be fed and given all basic necessities dally, and need to be raised properly. According to â€Å"Does a Guiana Pig Belong In the Classroom? â€Å": â€Å"A teacher must be very involved and dedicated to proper cavy care before the opposite becomes true. † A lack of these needs may result in a free, one- way trip into the void. Also, sick pets must visit the vet, like humans must go see the doctor. Pets die when they become very ill; we can't overestimate them either!But then again, pet go to vet = $$$$$ = not very fun! Reproduction Is also a problem. Andrea Milder-Slater states In the ‘Cons' section: â€Å"If you have a male and female hamster, r abbit, or fish, are you prepared for babies? Will you spay or neuter your larger pets? † Spay or neuter = Spend even more of your dear green paper and metal coins on more class pets! 6 pets= 6 times more resources= 6 times more money! While some may say that yes, there is one more solution, it is no better than spaying r neutering: let them have the babies, and then support them all. But if Bob and Gabrielle the Guiana pigs have 6 babies, uh Oh!Will the class even be able to afford to keep all 9 Guiana pigs alive? Or will they enjoy the prospect of using more money on this? In addition to large costs, class pets need a lot of attention. Can at least one pair of eyes be provided to watch the class pets at every second? They must be supervised at all times. This includes all breaks, weekends and holidays. What would the pets be doing when the students had summer vacation? They might starve to death because no one fed them while their owner was having a nice relaxing trip to Lass Vegas, gambling and sightseeing, totally forgetting about them?After all, if there actually was someone there, would any crimes have happened to the pets? Additionally, â€Å"Does a Guiana Pig Belong in the Classroom† tells us that a Guiana pig class pet â€Å"cannot simply be a decoration. A Guiana pig needs petting and interaction every single day. She also needs daily â€Å"floor time† to run around and explore. This includes weekends†¦ † Also, class pets must be safe at school overnight. You must take mom your class pet at these times to ensure their safety, since there might not be students when they are interacting with the class pet.Children might be too rough with it, or be frightened and drop it. These things might result in the class pet's demise. Numerous crimes have occurred to pets when nobody was with them. For example, â€Å"Say ‘No' to Class ‘Pets† states: â€Å"A snake was stolen from his classroom enclosure and cooked alive inside a school's microwave,† and â€Å"a lamb was stolen from a school agriculture building, spray-pained, duct-taped to the outside of the building, ND left alone overnight in freezing temperatures. † This means that those ‘pets' didn't receive the attention that they required.In addition, article â€Å"Say ‘No' to Class ‘Pets† says : â€Å"Once at a student's home, may classroom â€Å"pets† are ignored and deprived of both human contact and appropriate companions of their own species. Students who do not understand the responsibility and time that animal companions require may neglect to fill water bottles, provide food, or clean cages. † While some may think that bringing the pet home is very easy to do, the parents or families of the students, Hough, may find the pet extremely annoying or may refuse to accept or take care of them.After reviewing the provided sources, I believe that it is clear we shouldn't have class pet s. It is clear that banning them is the best option. In the future, we should really think about whether we should make another life suffer Just for students' â€Å"education† Really, it would Just be better not to have a class pet, as the famous class pet equation is: â€Å"Class pets = money = more money = much more money + make another life suffer! †

Evaluate the Relative Contribution of Nature and Nurture...

Evaluate the relative contribution of nature and nurture to human psychological functioning. Illustrate you answer with reference to material from at least two chapters from book 2. The debate concerning the contribution of nature and nurture to human psychological functioning is one of the longest running and most controversial within psychology. The question is what elements of human behaviour can be explained in terms of physical being and what can be explained in terms of social environment. Although this debate is relevant to many topics within psychology this essay will focus on two: language and sex and gender. Firstly it must be made clear what is meant by nature and nurture. Nature refers to the characteristics and abilities†¦show more content†¦This research demonstrates the importance of understanding the shared meanings of a conversation with both party’s having knowledge of the context and culture. This highlights the nurture influence with these rules being taught and learnt and conflicts with Chompsky view that this knowledge was innate. Much research has been done on the influences of nature and nurture within the topic of sex and gender. ‘There is a world of difference between male/female and masculine and feminine: whereas the former are supposedly biologically prescribed, the latter are psychological characteristics shaped by the experience of growing up’ (Hollway et al. 2002, p119) This explanation goes some way to describing the perception of sex and gender. The biological approach emphasizes the physiological processes and, in most cases, it is the hormones and genes that determine the sex, and to some extent the behaviour patterns. These behaviour patterns were the subject of a study by Money Erhardt in 1972 who research the behaviours of 25 girls who had been exposed to male type hormones in the womb. It was suggested that the girls exhibited a tomboyish behaviour and played more boyishly as a consequence of these hormones. The evolutionary arguments for sex differences focus on the different r eproductive strategies between males and females. This approach concentrates on the optimal reproductive style which is the behaviourShow MoreRelatedSociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation1978 Words   |  8 PagesSociological and Psychological Theories of Crime Causation The aim of this essay is to compare, contrast and evaluate two sociological theories of crime causation and two psychological theories of crime causation. Sociological Theories of crime, Labelling and Structural Functionalism/ Strain. Howard Becker is a sociologist that is often credited with the development of the labelling theory. However the origins of this theory can be traced back to sociologists at the beginning of the twentieth centuryRead MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pagesthink Shakespeare was trying to say about psychological development? (Links to videos of the speech can be found in the video version of the syllabus.) ïÆ'  these included three stages of childhood and four of adulthood. C. Renaissance 4. Debates about the relative roles of â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† in human development date from ancient times, but they were especially prominent during the Renaissance. What do the terms â€Å"nature† (or nativism) and â€Å"nurture† (or nurturism) mean? What are the basicRead MoreHealth and Social Care4535 Words   |  19 PagesLevel 4 [A study of Psychology in Health amp; Social Care] By: Shah Shamima Begum To: Suzanne Lutchmun ID: LCC-20123434 Group A 1.1 Compare different psychological theories of lifespan dependent Answer to the question no 1.1 Developmental theories provide a set of guiding principles and concepts that describe and explain human development. Some developmental theories focus on the formation of a specific quality, such as  Kohlberg s theory of moral development. Other developmental theoriesRead MoreLife Span Development Reflective Paper5968 Words   |  24 Pagesunderstanding of the various stages of life span development and which ones more closely match the way I think and how they can be applied and contribute Leadership Coaching. Research and Theory of Life Span Development When evaluating the contributions of theories and research their impact as they relates to life span development; there are several that stand out for me and I feel apply well to my area of specialization. These theories and research, although not directly related to my area ofRead MoreAP Psych First Semester Final FRQ Bank4882 Words   |  20 PagesPsych First Semester Final FRQ Bank Essay 1. Your friend Dave says: â€Å"How can you stand to study the history of psychology? Every single one of those theories is basically the same: the brain controls our behavior.† Given the history of psychology, evaluate Daves claim using the following terms in their appropriate context: †¢Introspection †¢Psychoanalytic theory †¢Behaviorism †¢Humanistic psychology †¢Cognitive revolution †¢Cognitive dissonance †¢Conformity †¢Social-cultural perspective 2. Professor HahnRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 PagesCERTAIN POINT OF VIEW ON THE BASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what childrenRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14091 Words   |  57 PagesCERTAIN POINT OF VIEW ON THE BASIC ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT. DETERMINE, DISCUSS AND EVALUATE THE POINT OF VIEW OF VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY AND THE INFORMATION PROCESSING APPROACH WITH REGARD TO THE ISSUES UNDERLYING CHILD DEVELOPMENT * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUOUS OR DISCONTINUOUS) * THE COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT: ONE OR MANY * FACTORS THAT DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT (NATURE/NURTURE) Introduction Child development has many theories with different ideas about what childrenRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Psychology evolved out of both philosophy and biology. Throughout psychologys history, a number of different  schools of thought  have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each  perspective  has contributed to our understanding of psychology. Some of the major schools of thought in psychology are Structuralism, Functionalism, GestaltRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology Notes7715 Words   |  31 Pagescompetence, speaking, reading, thinking and reasoning Although there is some specialization of hemispheres, in most respects they act in tandem. They are interdependent, and the differences between the two are minor. Also, the if one area of the human brain is damaged, the other hemisphere can take up the slack. Gender differences – boys show greater lateralization of language in the left hemisphere, females – language is more evenly divided between two hemispheres. Why girls’ language developmentRead MoreChapter 2 Biology and Psychology Essay9060 Words   |  37 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 2 Biology and Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following would not be possible without the functioning of the nervous system? a. ideals, thoughts, and plans c. behaviors, emotions, and cognitions b. imagery and cognitions d. all of these ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 2-26 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Conceptual 2. A(n) _________ is a nerve cell. a. axon c. dendrite b. neuron d. glial cell ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 2-26 OBJ: 1 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: BTC 3. ________

Product Oriented Approaches of Coca Cola and Burberry Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The responsibility of the company towards its employees is a critical point of discussion. Employees within Burberry are noted to be judged on the basis of their performance and not on their race or gender. Each and every employee of the company is provided with equal opportunity to develop their operational performance in order to raise organisational effectiveness. Overall, it can be affirmed that the CSR approach of the company considers every aspect of the social responsibility of its operations (Burberry, Burberry Group plc Annual Report and Accounts 2002/03 , Burberry, Company History ). After acquiring a brief idea about the CSR approaches that prevail in Coca Cola and Burberry, it can be stated from a broader perspective that both the company is quite concerned about performing their respective responsibilities towards supporting the environment, society and other stakeholders associated with the company. Both companies strive to earn maximum success for themselves without harming the people and the environment associated with their operations. Coca Cola intends to reduce negative impacts from its operations towards the environment and society. Similarly, Burberry also has the same sort of perception for the welfare of the environment and society. We will write a custom essay sample on Product Oriented Approaches of Coca Cola and Burberry or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Childhood Obesity The Most Serious Public Health Crises

Childhood Obesity Nicholas D. Staples ENG 341 Advanced Expository Writing Professor Anthony Farina Siena Heights University December 3, 2015 Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health crises facing the nation as evidenced by one out of every three children in the U.S. being overweight. It should come as no surprise then that children today are less active and have less healthy diets than preceding generations. The combination of decreased activity and increased consumption of processed foods is contributing to the alarming rise of childhood obesity and ongoing attempts to decrease the obesity rate have made little impact because they fail to address the root cause. Environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic factors are the true barriers to a reduction in the childhood obesity rates. It is simply too narrow minded to think that merely focusing on reducing processed foods, increasing activity levels in children, and role-modeling expected behavior is enough to reduce obesity rates. Improved transportation systems, increased access to affordable healthy whole foods, development of an educati on program that is both culturally sensitive and focuses on changing the current food culture are the proper strategies that will reduce the childhood obesity rates in the United States. Proponents assert that the act of watching television, an easily modifiable environmental factor, is contributing to the rise inShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Obesity On Adolescents : Childhood Obesity1068 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Obesity on Adolescents Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health problems in the 21st century. According to PMC, the US Library of National Health and Medicine and National Institutes of Health, over 42 million children under the age of five are obese worldwide in 2010, and that number continues to ascend at an alarming rate. Obesity occurs when the body stores an excess amount of fat that is not necessary for the person’s survival. Some scientists have argued thatRead MoreA Reflection On Public Administration Essay5906 Words   |  24 PagesPosttraditional Public Administration Since the linguistic turn, sparked in the late 1960s by such theorists as Jacques Lacan and Michel Foucault, interesting normative and methodological challenges for the policy sciences have emerged. A posttraditional society is often characterized as an individualized society because individuals are increasingly required to construct their own lives. To begin, a posttraditional society refers to both modernity and its reverberation postmodernity. ModernityRead MoreEffects Of Borderline Personality Disorders ( Bpd ) Essay1812 Words   |  8 Pages The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize the different challenges in treatments for consumers with borderline personality disorders (BPD) and how they are slightly different from treating other disorders. Rates of co-occurring mental health disorders are very high among individuals with BPD, which present challenges for treatments in those individuals. This paper will explore the complications in diagnosing consumers due to the fact that borderline personality disorder rarely standsRead MoreObservation Of Various Life Stages5410 Words   |  22 Pagesstages of human life. The observer will describe in detail an observation conducted onto 2 groups of children in early adolescent stage. The first documentation is on encountered issues of these ages, abnormal behavior in subjects, developmental crises, and situational/environmental-related factors, as well as theories. A referral list of recourses available in their community, oriented to provide help to their age/stage range is also included. Description of the Settings. Life Stage: Early AdolescenceRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company11417 Words   |  46 Pagesproducts from the Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, Miramax, Dimension, Saban and Spyglass labels. The third group is Miramax Films which is one of the worlds leading independent film companies, having released some of the most critically acclaimed and commercially successful independent feature films of the past decade. With respect to products and services, the current domain of the Studio Entertainment division includes cinemas, performance halls, home studios, home entertainmentRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Disney Management25371 Words   |  102 PagesCorruption in Trading with China 2-6 When International Buyers and Sellers Disagree 2-7 McDonald’s and Obesity 2-8 Ultrasound Machines, India, China, and a Skewed Sex Ratio CASE 2ïš º1 The Not-So-Wonderful World of BONJOUR, MICKEY! In April 1992, EuroDisney SCA opened its doors to European visitors. Located by the river Marne some 20 miles east of Paris, it was designed to be the biggest and most lavish theme park that Walt Disney Company (Disney) had built to date—bigger than Disneyland in AnaheimRead MoreMichael Levin Why Homosexuality Is Abnormal5240 Words   |  21 Pagesjaw that are used for - that are for - chewing to lose their tone, and we expect this to affect Jones s gums. Those parts ofJones s digestive tract that are for processing solids will also suffer from disuse. The net result will be deteriorating health and perhaps a shortened life. Nor is this all. Human beings enioy chewing. Not only has natural selection selected in muscles for chewing and favored creatures with such muscles, it has selected in a tendency to fà ¬nd the use of those muscles reinforcingRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providingRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesWhat Cost? Hermes Fund Management, Total and Premier Oil: The Responsibility and Accountability of Business From Small Town Pharmacy to a Multinational Corporation: Pierre Fabre, Culture as a Competitive Advantage Cordia LLP: Service Reform in the Public Sector 170 175 180 183 193 196 201 207 213 223 226 230 3  © Pearson Education Limited 2011 Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, Exploring Strategy, 9th Edition, Instructor’s Manual Ryanair: The Low Fares Airline–Future Destinations? Will WeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComing Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential

Computer Security Breaches Security and Privacy

Question: Discuss about the Computer Security Breachesfor Security and Privacy. Answer: Introduction There are several cases of computer breaches encountered every year by cyber experts and in most of cases the main reason for these security breaches is lack of maintenance of security and privacy. The purpose of this report is to discuss about a news of computer security breach and a case of popular hack on web. Discussion This segment of report is based on discussion about news of computer security breach that happened in 2015 and selected case of computer security breach is US Navy that suffered with data breach. Part-A What was the Problem? It is announced by the US Navy that personal data of 1, 30,000 recruited men was accessed from laptop by hacking. It is notified by the HP Enterprise Services to US Navy about the breach and said that one of the laptop of the Navy was operated by their employee to backup a Navy contract was compromised. The hacked information from laptop consists of the names and social security numbers of 134,386 former and current sailors. This computer security breach was taken seriously by Navy and they also said that it is a matter of trust of our sailors. The huge amount of data was stolen from laptop by hackers and the reason of this can be lack of usage of advanced security parameters by Navy (Esecurityplanet.com, 2017). How and Why it Occured? The main reason is not yet specified by US Navy for this breaching but after knowing about this case, it can be estimated that the security of authorization was not applied properly. The Vice Admiral Robert Burke said that they are in early stages of their investigation and doing all potential efforts for those who are affected by this breach. The investigating team of US Navy will notify all sailors who are affected by this incident and will elaborate them what is actually happened and why it has happened (Databreachtoday.in, 2017). What are the Possible Solutions? According to statements of US Navy, they are doing all potential efforts to resolve this problem of computer security breach. The Navy Criminal Investigative Service is handling overall process of investigation of this case and they have no evidence for misusing of information. In list of possible solution, it is also an effective solution that will be implemented by US Navy (Information Age, 2017). Besides this, US Navy is also improving its monitoring services, so that they can keep record of users of their computers and laptops. Besides this, following solutions can also be implemented b US Navy to get prevention from this type of breaches (Roi Perez, Olenick, Correa, Correa, Perez, 2017). US Navy should be aware about available software security updates and security patches that must be installed into computer systems and laptops for enhancing its security. Advanced anti-virus should be installed into system to control virus attacks. It is common that while downloading something from internet then some kind of virus can be entered into our system. In this case, anti-virus can help to identify virus from system and to fix it properly (Leadem, 2017). The information of US Navy is very much confidential, so maintain its long term security, high level security professionals should be hired (com, 2017). If above listed possible solutions will be implemented by US Navy then at some extent, computer security breaches can be controlled (Masters, Correa, Correa, 2017). Part-B The cases of information hacking, phishing and virus attacks are increasing day by day. In this segment of report, we will discuss a popular hack case on web. The selected popular hack case is UK Second only to US in DDoS Attacks. In this hacking case, DDoS distributed denial of service attack was occurred on UK organizations in 2016 (ComputerWeekly, 2017). What was the Problem? The United Kingdom second only to the US in being targeted by distributed denial of service attacks. The aim of this attack was to damage, disrupt businesses or extorting money from businesses. The main problem here is increasing rate of DDoS attacks in UK that targets small and medium sized organizations. This trend of DDoS attack also interpreted into high-profile assaults (ZDNet, 2017). Who were Affected and How? As we know that the problem of Distributed Denial of Service attack is increasing in UK at high rate and due to this many people have been affecting for last few years. According to analysis, more than 40% of targets have already targeted with this attack more than once and 16% targets are targeted more than five times (IdentityForce, 2017). The percentage of repeated attacks is increasing. In this way different people from different locations in UK are getting affected by DDoS attack (Morgan, 2017). How was Attack Carried Out? This attack of Distributed Denial of Service by hitting network layer. Through network layer, hackers try to restrict access of server for all systems that are attached with it. After this attack, no user was able to access any website in UK. This was most vulnerable attack of DDoS. The attacks of network layers has become common and these attacks are also growing in size (MakeUseOf, 2017). What could have Been Done to Prevent the Attack? The above discussed attack of DDoS is so much vulnerable and if it will not be controlled on time then heavy loss can occur. Now it is duty of UK government to implement possible solutions to get rid of this problem. In this case, security of network layer and application layer is very much necessary and UK government is doing all potential efforts to get rid of this problem. Besides this, following solutions can be used for prevention from DDoS attack. The early identification of DDoS attack is very much necessary. If we are using our own servers then it is our responsibility to identify when we are under attack. As sooner as possible we will find the problem, it will become easier to find solution for that. The DDoS attack is implemented on network layer so it is necessary to defend network perimeter. To achieve this, some technical measures can be taken to reduce effect of DDoS attack. Some technical measurements include limitation of router to prevent web server from overcome, use filters to tell router to drop packets from possible source of attack and set lower UDP flood drop threshold and ICMP. After knowing that our server is under attack, we should quickly make call to service provider for help. It is necessary to keep emergency number of ISP or Hosting provider to get quick response. To handle this type of vulnerable attacks, the help of specialists should be taken. So according to above discussed case, it will be better to call DDoS specialist. The DDoS mitigation organizations have large scale infrastructure and it uses advanced and variety of technologies to resolve problem of DDoS. In this way above discussed possible solutions will be helpful for the United Kingdom to control issues of DDoS attacks. Conclusion After this whole discussion we can say that during this type of network attacks, heavy loss of data is possible. Therefore, it will be better to keep backup of data periodically that can be used easily by users to perform other activities and to make important decisions. The IT professionals should be aware about these small techniques to protect important data from damage. Besides this, above discussed solutions should also be implemented properly. References Masters, G., Correa, D., Correa, D. (2017). EU privacy regulators query Yahoo CEO on breach. SC Magazine UK. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.scmagazineuk.com/eu-privacy-regulators-query-yahoo-ceo-on-breach/article/569605/ Roi Perez, C., Olenick, D., Correa, D., Correa, D., Perez, R. (2017). US Navy suffers data breach. SC Magazine UK. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.scmagazineuk.com/us-navy-suffers-data-breach/article/575165/ ZDNet. (2017). These were the biggest hacks, leaks and data breaches of 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.zdnet.com/pictures/biggest-hacks-security-data-breaches-2016/ ComputerWeekly. (2017). UK second only to US in DDoS attacks. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.computerweekly.com/news/450303032/UK-second-only-to-US-in-DDoS-attacks Esecurityplanet.com. (2017). 6 Tips for Fighting DDoS Attacks - eSecurity Planet. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.esecurityplanet.com/network-security/5-tips-for-fighting-ddos-attacks.html Databreachtoday.in. (2017). Latest breaking news articles on data security breach. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.databreachtoday.in/news Morgan, L. (2017). List of data breaches and cyber attacks in September 2015. IT Governance Blog. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.itgovernance.co.uk/blog/list-of-data-breaches-and-cyber-attacks-in-september-2015/ IdentityForce. (2017). Recent Data Breaches | September 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.identityforce.com/blog/recent-data-breaches-september-2015 Leadem, R. (2017). From the DNC to Mark Zuckerberg -- Here Are the Worst Hacks of 2016. Entrepreneur. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/slideshow/279740 Information Age. (2017). Top 10 most devastating cyber hacks of 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.information-age.com/top-10-most-devastating-cyber-hacks-2015-123460657/ Calyptix.com. (2017). Top 5 Cyber Attack Types in 2016 So Far. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.calyptix.com/top-threats/top-5-cyber-attack-types-in-2016-so-far/ MakeUseOf. (2017). 5 Of The Worlds Most Famous Hackers What Happened To Them. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/5-of-the-worlds-most-famous-hackers-what-happened-to-them/